Developed at Nanyang Technological University by a team led by Prof. William Chen, the preservative incorporates phytonutrients known as flavonoids. These occur naturally in almost all fruit and vegetable plants, helping defend them against threats such as pests, pathogens, and environmental stresses including the ultraviolet rays in sunlight.

While previous research indicated that flavonoids additionally showed promise as an antimicrobial agent, they would need to be processed via an expensive and non-sustainable prenylation procedure in order to bring out that quality. The scientists in Chen's team, however, claim to have developed a method of producing flavonoids that kill bacteria right from the start.

Utilizing a process similar to that used for the production of vaccines, they implanted the flavonoid-producing mechanism from plants into a species of baker's yeast called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast responded by producing ready-to-use flavonoids with high antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, both of which are essential to food preservation.

"Flavonoids extracted directly from plants need to be further processed to be antimicrobial whereas our flavonoids produced from yeast do not require this," says Chen. "Secondly, there have been no reports on antioxidant properties in flavonoids, while our yeast-based flavonoids naturally come with it."