Children's memories of lockdown became increasingly negative over time, with female adolescents reporting the lowest happiness levels and highest depressive symptoms.

Physical fitness declined significantly post-lockdown, with young women showing steeper drops in aerobic fitness (4.28 points) compared to men (2.25 points).

Strict lockdowns led to vitamin D deficiency in 77.8% of pregnant women, increasing risks of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes.

The pandemic's disruption of normal development patterns has prompted calls for targeted interventions, especially for young women who showed greater vulnerability across measures.